🗺️ 本课知识地图(点任意一处直达)
01这节课练什么
这节课不背单词,背块。
一个词块,是一小段已经装好的话。你要用的时候,整块搬过去,不用现场组装。
| 你会学到 | 它能帮你干什么 |
|---|---|
| see sb doing / see that | 说"我看到什么"时不再卡 |
| 四步复述框架 | 把一段经历讲成一个完整的故事 |
| it turned out that | 给故事一个转折 |
| is what I've been looking for | 说"这正是我要的" |
为什么是块,不是单词:因为说英语的时候,你没有时间一个词一个词地拼。你能脱口而出的,永远是你整块背下来的东西。
02什么是词块
词块 = 一小段固定搭配,整块搬走就能用。
| 词块 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| I saw him walking down the street. | 我看见他在街上走 |
| I came across this the other day. | 我前几天偶然碰到这个 |
| It turned out that … | 结果是…… |
| That's exactly what I've been looking for. | 那正是我一直在找的 |
背单词和背词块的区别:
- 背单词:walk / street / see —— 用的时候要现场拼
- 背词块:walking down the street —— 用的时候整块放进去
说英语快的人,不是词多,是块多。
03see sb doing sth
看到某人正在做某事。
I see you holding a book.
结构:see + 人 + doing
| I see you holding a book. | 我看见你拿着一本书 |
| I see you walking down the street. | 我看见你在街上走 |
| I see him talking with her. | 我看见他在跟她说话 |
| I saw my friend using a portable power station. | 我看见我朋友在用一台便携储能 |
doing 在这里不是谓语,它跟着"人"走,是补语。
它说的是:我看到的,是那个动作正在发生的那一瞬间。
04see that + 句子
看到这件事——不是画面,是信息。
I see that you are holding a book.
两句的差别
| 说法 | 你看到的是 |
|---|---|
| I see you holding a book. | 画面——你手上那本书、那个姿势 |
| I see that you are holding a book. | 信息——"你在拿书"这件事 |
什么时候用哪个:
- 眼睛真的看见了 → see sb doing
- 从别处知道、注意到 → see that + 句子
所以 "I saw that Don had posted a photo"——你不是看见他发帖的现场,你是看到了那条帖子。
05四步复述框架
讲一段经历,四步就够。每一步都对应一个词块:
| 步 | 说什么 | 词块 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 我看到朋友在干什么 | I saw him using … |
| 2 | 我想我也感兴趣 | I thought you might be interested. |
| 3 | 所以我干了什么 | So I borrowed … and used it for a couple days. |
| 4 | 结果我发现 | It turned out that … |
四步 = 看见 · 动心 · 行动 · 结论。
任何一段"我用上了某个东西"的经历,都能套进去。你换的只是里面的名词。
06四步示范:Jack
第一步,看见:
I got a friend called Jack. I saw him using a kind of electricity generator.
第二步,动心:
I thought you might be interested.
第三步,行动:
I had a chat with him about battery capacity. So I borrowed his device and used it for a couple days.
第四步,结论:
I'm not really into something that is unpredictable.
四句话,一段完整经历。而且每一步都有一块可以整块搬走的话。
07四步示范:牛肉面
同一个框架,换成一碗面。
第一步,看见:
I saw that Don had posted a photo of beef noodles.
第二步,动心:
It is what I have been looking for.
第三步,行动:
So I went and got one.
第四步,结论:
The broth is made from radish and various offal, and the beef is submerged in it. It really hit the spot.
同一个四步,讲一台机器也讲一碗面。
08it turned out that
给故事一个转折。中文最接近的是"结果发现"。
I read it for a couple days. It turned out that I'm not made for this.
I found this idea really fascinating, but it turned out that nobody agreed.
它好在哪:一句话就把"我原以为"和"实际是"分开了。
| I thought … | 我原以为 |
| It turned out that … | 结果是 |
说经历的时候,转折句是最值钱的一句——听众等的就是这个。
09is what I've been looking for
这正是我一直在找的。
That is what I have been looking for.
拆开看:
| what … | 名词性从句——"那个东西" |
| have been looking for | 现在完成进行时——一直找到现在 |
换成别的动词,整块照搬:
- That's what I've been waiting for. 这正是我一直在等的
- That's what I've been trying to say. 这正是我一直想说的
- That's what I've been worried about. 这正是我一直担心的
一个骨架,换中间的动词,就是一整族句子。
10嵌入类词块
描述"某个东西里装了什么",这一族词最好用:
| 词 | 中文 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| embed | 嵌入 | a device embedded with a BMS |
| integrate | 集成 | an integrated system |
| built-in | 内置的 | a built-in battery |
| implant | 植入 | implant a chip |
| submerged in | 浸在 | beef submerged in broth |
最完整的一句(这一句值得整句背下来):
It's a device embedded with a BMS, which is a battery management system. It combines three systems in one place, so that it provides protection against overheating, overvoltage and short circuits.
这句里有四个零件:embedded with(嵌入)→ which is(解释)→ combines in one place(合一)→ so that(目的)。
背一句完整的,胜过背五个单独的。
11hit the spot
正合心意——尤其是吃的喝的。
That really hit the spot.
中文最接近的说法是"解馋"。
它说的是:不早不晚,正好就是这个。
配一句对比,味道更足:
It was not good enough at first, but once the beef was submerged in the broth, it really hit the spot.
12语喜感三件
三个字,三种说法,凑成一段自然的表达:
| 字 | 例 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 语 | I'm not a big fan of complex theory. | 我不太喜欢复杂的理论 |
| 感 | It's like doing a math class. | 就像在上数学课 |
| 定 | … a math class that makes you feel bored. | 一门让你觉得无聊的数学课 |
三件连起来:
I'm not a big fan of complex theory. It's like doing a math class that makes you feel bored.
注意顺序:先表态(不喜欢),再打比方(像数学课),最后补一个定语把那门课说具体。
比喻要落地,靠的是后面那个 that 从句。
13把话递回去的三句
说完一段,不能就这么停着。把话递回去,对方才会接着讲。
| 说法 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Do you wanna know more about outer space? | 你想多了解一点外太空吗? |
| Do you think opportunity is important? | 你觉得机会重要吗? |
| Is it safe to use your devices? | 用你的设备安全吗? |
三句的结构:
- Do you wanna … ? —— 邀请对方继续
- Do you think … ? —— 请对方表态
- Is it … ? —— 问一个判断,让对方给答案
说完一句就停,是最容易冷场的地方。留一个问题在手上。
14词块怎么记
三个做法:
| 做法 | 为什么 |
|---|---|
| 整句背,不背单词 | 单词要组装,句子可以直接搬 |
| 一个词块配一个自己的场景 | 没有场景的词块,三天就忘 |
| 记住它的"接口" | 比如 see sb doing,接口就是 doing——后面接什么,决定你能不能脱口而出 |
什么叫接口:
- I'm not a big fan of + 名词 / doing
- It turned out that + 句子
- I saw him + doing
- That's what I've been + doing
记词块,记的是"前面怎么说、后面接什么",不是这个词中文叫什么。
15自查 · 打勾
- 说得出"词块"和"单词"的区别
- 分得清 see sb doing(画面)和 see that(信息)
- 能用 see sb doing 造三句
- 能说出四步复述框架的四个步骤
- 能用四步讲一段自己的经历
- 会用 it turned out that 给一个转折
- 会用 That's what I've been looking for
- 能用 looking for / waiting for / worried about 换着说
- 分得清 embed / integrate / built-in / implant
- 会用 embedded with … combines … so that … 这一整句
- 会用 hit the spot
- 能把语、感、定三件连成一段
- 手上随时有一个"把话递回去"的问句
- 知道自己背词块要记"接口"